Page 17 - Mini-Module 4

4. Reflect
(a) In your own words, tell what you think the speaker is experiencing.
(b) This can lead the speaker to be more expressive.

(c) It also provides a way to check the accuracy of your perceptions.
Examples: “You seem quite upset” and “It sounds like you felt angry”.

5. Summarize
(a) Reiterate the major ideas, themes and feelings that the speaker has
expressed.

(b) This provides review and a basis from which to continue the
dialogue.

Examples: “So the main problems you have with this are...” and “These
seem to be the key ideas you’ve expressed”.

6. Validate

(a) Show appreciation for the speaker’s efforts.
(b) Acknowledge the value of talking.
(c) Affirm your positive feelings about being part of the dialogue.

Examples: “I’m really glad we’re talking” and “I appreciate your
willingness to resolve this”.

(The National Association of Head Teachers, 2007)

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