Prospective physics teachers’ level of understanding energy, power and force concepts

A comparative achievement test was developed to reveal students’ understanding of energy, power and force. The test was applied just after the instruction of the related concepts. The test included 5 open-ended questions for each of the three concepts (a total of 15 questions). Students were expected to realize the differences between the three concepts and to answer the questions up to a certain level. The first three questions required defining and stating characteristics of the energy, power and force concepts. And the last two required explanation of some attributions of these concepts, for example being a source of movement for an object and being a property of an object. The questions of the achievement test are below:

Q1	What is energy in a scientific point of view?
	What is power in a scientific point of view?
	What is force in a scientific point of view?
Q2	What kind of quantity is energy? Why?
	What kind of quantity is power? Why?
	What kind of quantity is force? Why?
Q3	What are the units of measurement of energy?
	What are the units of measurement of power?
	What are the units of measurement of force?
Q4	Is energy a result of movement? Why?
	Is power a result of movement? Why?
	Is force a result of movement? Why?
Q5	Can energy be a property of an object? Why?
	Can power be a property of an object? Why?
	Can force be a property of an object? Why?