Peer instruction: An evaluation of its theory, application, and contribution

In the present study 92 studies conducted on peer instruction between 1997 and 2017 years in the literature were reviewed. 71 open access journals, 12 proceedings, 7 books, and 2 dissertations were analyzed according to the cognitive and affective of the students in this context. Some keywords (peer discussion, peer interaction, peer instruction, clickers or classroom response systems, flashcards, interactive engagement method, concept test or standardized test) regarding peer instruction were searched with the help of several search engines (Google, Web of Science, ERIC, Google Scholars databases). The research were reported into to three main sections (theoretical framework, advantages and disadvantages, and applications) as follows.

The application processes (presentation, discussion, explanation, and evaluation) of peer instruction, the importance of concept test questions and response time in peer discussion and finally the using of low and higher technological tools was presented in the first section. The advantages and disadvantages of peer instruction were expressed in the second section. The applications of peer instruction in different disciplines were discussed in the last section.