Ethnic Minority & Schooling

Educational Provision for
Ethnic Minority in Hong Kong
香港少數族裔學童的教育服務

Ethnic Minority and Schooling

Australia:

Burns, A. (2003). ESL Curriculum Development in Australia: Recent Trends and Debates. RELC Journal, 34(3), 261-283.
Cahill D. (2001). The rise and fall of multicultural education in the Australian schooling System. In C. A. Grant, & J. L. Lei (Eds.), Global constructions of multicultural education : theories and realities (pp. 27-60). Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Canberra, (2007a). Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 6. The Evolution of Australia's Multicultural Policy. Retrieved 1 September 2007, from http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/06evolution.htm
Department of Immigration and Citizenship, Canberra, (2007b). Australian Immigration Fact Sheet 8. Abolition of the 'White Australia' Policy. Retrieved 1 September 2007, from http://www.immi.gov.au/media/fact-sheets/08abolition.htm
Hill, B. & Allan, R. (2004). Multicultural Education in Australia – Historical Development and Current Status. In J. A. Banks, & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 979-996). San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.
Mackerras, C. (1995). National Asian languages and studies in Australian schools taskforce: a report. Asian Studies Review, 18(3), 95-97.
Moore, H. (1996). Language policies as virtual reality: Two Australian examples. TESOL Quarterly, 30(3), 473–498.
Smolicz, J. J.& Secombe, M. J. (2003). Assimilation or Pluralism? Changing Policies for Minority Languages Education in Australia. Language Policy, 2(1), 3-25.
The Hong Kong Council of Social Service. (2006). Study Visit on Services for Ethnic Minorities in Australia.

Cambodia:

Escott, J. (2000). Minority education in Cambodia: The case of the Khmer Loeu. Intercultural Education, 11(3), pp. 239-251.

Canada:

Cummins, J. (1997). Minority status and schooling in Canada. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 28(3), 411-430.
Bell, J. S. (1997). Literacy, culture, and identity. New York: Peter Lang.
Chan, E. (2003). OP-ED. Ethnic identity in transition: Chinese New Year through the years.
Journal of Curriculum Studies, 35(4), 409-423.
Chan, E. (in press). Student experiences of a culturally-sensitive curriculum. Journal of
Curriculum Studies, in press.
Cummins, J. (1989). Empowering minority students. Sacramento, CA: California Association
for Bilingual Education.
Cummins, J. (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire.
Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Cummins, J. (2001). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse society
(2nd ed). Los Angeles: CABE (California Association for Bilingual Education).
Dewing, M. & Leman, M. (2006). Canadian Multiculturalism. Retrieved 1 September 2007, from http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/936-e.htm
Ghosh, R. (2004). Public Education and Multicultural Policy in Canada: the special case of
Quebec, International Review of Education, 50(5-6), 543-566.
Ghosh, R., & Abdi, A. A. (2004). Education and the politics of difference: Canadian perspectives. Toronto, Ont. : Canadian Scholar's Press.
He, M. F. (2002a). A narrative inquiry of cross-cultural lives: Lives in China. Journal of
Curriculum Studies, 34(3), 301-321.
He, M. F. (2002b). A narrative inquiry of cross-cultural lives: Lives in Canada. Journal of
Curriculum Studies, 34(3), 323-342.
He, M. F. (2002c). A narrative inquiry of cross-cultural lives: Lives in North American Academe. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 34(5), 513-533.
Heber, R. W. (2004). Comparisons in Aboriginal Education: Taiwan and Canada. Retrieved 1 September 2007, from http://www.arts.ualberta.ca/cms/heber.pdf
Isajiw, W. W. (1999). Understanding diversity: Ethnicity and race in the Canadian context.
Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing.
Kanno, Y., & Applebaum, S. D. (1995). ESL students speak up: Their stories of how we are
doing. TESL Canada Journal/REVUE TESL DU CANADA, 12(2), 33-48.
Li, G. (2005). Culturally contested pedagogy: Battles of literacy and schooling between
mainstream teachers and Asian immigrant parents. Albany, NY: State University of New
York Press.
Minister of State Multiculturalism. (1988). Canadian multicultural act. Retrieved August 4, 2
005, from https://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/multi/policy/act_e.cfm
Moodley, K. A. (1995). Multicultural education in Canada: Historical development and current status. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural
education (pp. 801-820). Toronto: Prentice Hall International.
Toohey, K. (2000). Learning English at school: Identity, social relations and classroom practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters

China:

Chapman, D. W., Chen, X.Y. & Postiglione, G. A. (2000). Is preservice teacher training worth the money? A study of teachres in ethnic minority regions of the People’s Republic of China. Comparative Education Review, 44(3), pp. 300-328.
Hansen, M. H. (1999). Lessons in being Chinese – Minority education and ethnic identity in Southwest China. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
Harman, G. (1994). Student selection and admission to higher education: policies and practices in the Asian region. Higher Education, 27(3), pp. 313-339.
Johnson, B. and Chhetri, N. (2002). Exclusionary policies and practices in Chinese minority education: The case of Tibetan education. Retrieved February 25, 2007, from http://www.tc.columbia.edu/cice/Archives/2.2/22johnson_chetri.pdf
Postiglione, G. A. (1992). China’s national minorities and educational change. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 22(1), 20-44.
Postiglione, G. A. (ed.) (1999). China’s national minority education – culture, schooling, and development. New York: Falmer Press.
Shih, C. Y. (2000). Assimilation through ethnicity: China’s ethnic language policy in Yunnan and Shenyang. International Journal on Minority and Group Rights, 7, pp. 189-206.
Shih, C. Y. (2001). Research note: The problem of sluggish enrollment in ethnic schools: The case of one Dong village in Shaoyang, Hunan. Issues & Studies, 37(2), pp. 177-198.
Tam, S. M. & Wu, Y. H. (1988). Minorities policy in the People’s Republic of China: Its implications in Souteast Asia. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 78-95.
Wan, M. G. (2004). Ethnic Diversity and Citizenship Education in the People's Republic of China. In J. A. Banks (Ed.), Diversity and Citizenship Education: Global Perspectives (pp. 355-371). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Wang Y. X. and Phillion, J. I. (unpublished manuscript) Multiculturalism in China: Historical Development and Current Practice.

France:

Zanten, A. V. (1997). Schooling immigrants in France in the 1990s: Success or failure of the republican model of integration? Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 28(3),351-374.

Hong Kong:

Heung, V. (2006). Recognizing the emotional and behavioral needs of ethnic minority students in Hong Kong. Preventing School Failure, 50(2), 29-36.
Ho, W. Y. (2001). Historical analysis of Islamic community development in Hong Kong: Struggle for recognition in the Post-colonial era. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 21(1), 63-77.
Kam, C. K. M. (XXXX). English learning motivation for ethnic Chinese students in Hong Kong and Sydney.
Ku, H. B., Chan, K. W. & Sandhu, K. K. (2005). A research report on the education of South Asian ethnic minority groups in Hong Kong. Hong Kong:Centre for Social Policy Studies, Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Unison Hong Kong.
Ku, H. B., Chan, K. W., and Sandhu, K. K. (2006). A research report on the employment of South Asian ethnic minority groups in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Centre for Social Policy Studies, Dept. of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
Loper, K. (2004). Race and equality: A study of ethnic minorities in Hong Kong's education system. Centre for Comparative and Public Law, Occasional Paper No. 12. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong.
Tan, J. (1997). Education and colonial transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: comparisons and contrasts. Comparative Education, 33(2), 303-312.
The Hong Kong Council of Social Service Service Development (2005). Proposal on Enhancing Interpretation Support (Interim Initiative) for Ethnic Minorities in Hong Kong.
Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service. (2000). Educational needs and social adaptation of ethnic minority youth in Hong Kong. Hong Kong : Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service.
Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service (2002). A study on outlets of the South Asian ethnic minority youth in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Yang Memorial Methodist Social Service, Yau Tsim Mong Integrated Centre for Youth Development
Documentaries:
ATV News & Public Affairs (10 December 2006). Newsline - Racism in Hong Kong. Retrieved February 14, 2007, from http://edvideo.ied.edu.hk/VVM_2summary2.php?callno2titleid=fb15591001_57&prog=&sid=inno
pac&searchlang =EN&list=b15941231
TVB News Public Affairs (22 October 2006). The pearl report - The obligation. Retrieved
February 9, 2007, from http://www.lib.ied.edu.hk/cgimedia/VVM_title.cgi?callno=b15878016&prog=TVB
ATV News & Public Affairs (21 May 2006). Newsline - The controversial bill against discrimination. Retrieved February 14, 2007, from http://edvideo.ied.edu.hk/VVM_2summary2.php?callno2titleid=fb15591001_21&prog=&sid=innopac
&searchlang=ENG&list=b1574906x
RTHK (29 March 2005). Hong Kong connection. Hong Kong: RTHK Production.
RTHK (18 February 2005). The pulse. http://edvideo.ied.edu.hk//VVM_title.php?callno=b15153861&prog=RTHK&sid=innopac

Indonesia:

Suryadinata, L. (1988). Government policy and national integration in Indonesia. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 111-131.

Japan:

Ethnic issues in Japan (2007). Retrieved from 9 February, 2007. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_issues_in_Japan
Montani, Y. (2002). Towards a more just educational policy for minorities in Japan: The case of Korean ethnic schools. Comparative Education, 38(2), pp. 225-237.
Montani, Y. (2005). Hopes and challenges for progressive educators in Japan: Assessment of the ‘progressive turn’ in the 2002 educational reform. Comparative Education, 41(3), pp. 309-327.
Okano, K. (2006). Ethnic minorities in Japanese schools: Globalisation from below. Language and Education, 20(4), pp. 338-354.
Okano, K. H. (2006). The global-local interface in multicultural education policies in Japan. Comparative Education, 42(4), 473-491.

Malaysia:

Smith, K. J. (2003). Minority language education in Malaysia: Four ethnic communities’ experiences. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 6(1), pp. 52-65.

Mekong Subregion:

Asian Development Bank (2001). Health and education needs of ethnic minorities in the greater Mekong subregion. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.

Netherlands:

Broeder, P. and Extra, G. (1999). Language, ethnicity and education – case studies on immigrant minority groups and immigrant minority languages. Clevedon: Multilingual matters.
Driessen, G. (2000). The limits of educational policy and practice? The case of ethnic minorities in the Netherlands. Comparative Education, 36(1), 55-72.
Eldering, L. (1997). Ethnic minority students in the Netherlands from a cultural-ecological perspective. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 28(3),330-350.
Rijkschroeff, R., ten Dam, G., Duyvendak, J. W., de Gruijter, M. & Pels, T. (2005). Educational policies on migrants and minorities in the Netherlands: Success or failure? Journal of Education Policy, 20(4), 417-435.

Philippine:

Griffin, P. B. (1988). National policy on minority cultural communities: The Philippine case. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 5-16.
Okamura, J. Y. (1988). The politics of neglect: Philippine ethnic minority policy. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 17-46.

Scandinavia:

Skutnabb-kangas, T. (1996). The colonial legacy in educational language planning in Scandinavia: From migrant labor to a national ethnic minority? International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 118, 81-106.

Singapore:

Clammer, J. (1988). Minorities and minority policy in Singapore. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 96-110.
Dixon, Q. (2005). Bilingual education policy in Singapore: An analysis of its sociohistorical roots and current academic outcomes. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 8(1), pp. 25-47.
Giok, L. O. (2005). The role of the developmental state and interethnic relations in Singapore. Asian Ethnicity, 6(2), pp. 109-120.
Gopinatahn, S. (1998). Language policy changes 1979-1997: politics and pedagogy. In S. Gopinathan, et al., (Eds.), Language, society, and education in Singapore: issues and trends. 2nd ed. (pp. 19-44). Singapore: Times Academic Press.
Sharpe, L. (2002). After effectiveness: new directions in the Singapore school system? Journal of Educational Policy, 17(2), 151-166.
Tan, J. (1997). Education and Colonial Transition in Singapore and Hong Kong: comparisons and contrasts. Comparative Education, 33(2), 303-312.

Thailand:

Burusapatana, K. & Atipas, P. (1988). Thai government policies on minorities. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 47-60.

Taiwan:

Andres, S. N. V. (2006). Taiwan public policies for indigenous people. Retrieved 1 September 2007, from http://www.caei.com.ar/es/programas/di/23.pdf
Chen, S. C. (2006). Simultaneous promotion of indigenization and internationalization: New language-in-education policy in Taiwan. Language and Education, 20(4), pp. 322-337.
Chen, W.C.V. & Lin, Y.L.E. (2004). Political exclusion or socioeconomic reproduction? Ethnic educational stratification in Taiwan. (not for citation and quotation).
Huang, C. M (2001). Fashion or compensation: The developments of multicultural education in Taiwan. In C. A. Grant, & J. L. Lei (Eds.), Global constructions of multicultural education : theories and realities (pp. 115-134). Mahwah, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
Ministry of Education (2006). Welcoming a New Century of Diverse Cultures and Peoples. Retrieved from February 9, 2007.http://english.moe.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=1310&ctNode=517&mp=1
Scott, M. & Tiun, H. K. (2007). Mandarin-Only to Mandarin-Plus: Taiwan. Language Policy, 6(1), 53-72.
Wu, Y. F. (1988). Taiwan’s aboriginal administration policy. Southeast Asian Journal of Social Science, 16(2), 61-77.
譚光鼎 (2000). 臺灣原住民教育 : 從廢墟到重建. 台北市 : 師大書苑有限公司.

UK:

Ball, S. J., Reay, D. & David, M. (2002). ‘Ethnic Choosing’: Minority ethnic students, social class and higher education choice. Race Ethnicity and Education, 5(4), 333-357.
Cline, T. de Abreu, G., Fihosy, C., Gray, H., Lambert, H. & Neale, J. (2002). Minority ethnic pupils in mainly white schools. Research report RR365, University of Luton.
Department for Education and Skills (2006). FE Reform White Paper: Completing a Race Equality Impact Assessment.
Figueroa, P. (2004). Multicultural Education in the United Kingdom – Historical Development and Current Status. In J. A. Banks, & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 997-1026). San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.
Gillborn, D. (1997). Ethnicity and educational performance in the United Kingdom: Racism, ethnicity, and variability in achievement. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 28(3), 375-393.
Heath, A. & Yu, S. (2005). Explaining ethnic minority disadvantage. In A. F. Heath, J. Ermisch & D. Gallie (Eds.), Understanding social change, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Leslie, D., Abbott, A. & Blackaby, D. (2002). Why are ethnic minority applicants less likely to be accepted into higher education? Higher Education Quarterly, 56(1), 65-91.
Techanuvat, C. (2004). Ethnic minorities participation in higher education: Determining factors influencing young people in England and Wales. MSc thesis in Sociology in the Division of Social Sciences, University of Oxford.

US:

Ada, A. F. (1988). The Pajaro Valley experience: Working with Spanish-speaking parents to develop children’s reading and writing skills in the home through the use of children’s literature. In T. Skutnabb-Kangas and J. Cummins (Eds.), Minority education: From shame to struggle. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.
Alva, S. A. (1993). Differential patterns of achievement among Asian-American adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22(4), 407-423.
Ballenger, C. (1999). Teaching other people’s children: Literacy and learning in a bilingual classroom. New York: Teachers College Press.
Baquedano-Lopez, P. (2004). Traversing the center: The politics of language use in a Catholic religious education program for immigrant Mexican children. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 35(2), 212-232.
Bhattacharya, G. (2000). The school adjustment of South Asian immigrant children in the United States. Adolescence, 35(137), 77-86.
Carger, C. (1996). Of borders and dreams: Mexican-American experience of urban education. New York: Teachers College.
Darder, A. (1991). Culture and power in the classroom: A critical foundation for bilingual education. New York: Bergin & Garvey.
Delgado-Gaitan, C. (1992). School matters in the Mexican American home: Socializing children to education. American Educational Research Journal, 29(3), 495-513.
Delgado-Gaitan, C., & Trueba, H. T. (1991). Crossing cultural borders: Education for immigrant families in America. London: Falmer.
Dentler, R. A., & Hafner, A. L. (1997). Hosting newcomers: Structuring educational opportunities for immigrant children. New York: Teachers College Press.
Sleeter, C. E. (2000-2001). Epistemological diversity in research on pre-service teacher preparation for historically underserved children. Review of Research in Education, Vol. 25, pp. 209-250.
Flores-González, N. (2002). School kids/street kids: Identity development in Latino students. New York: Teachers College Press.
Garcia, E. E. (1995). Educating Mexican American students: Past treatment and recent developments in theory, research, policy, and practice. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 372-387). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Gay, G. (2000). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Teachers College Press.
Gibson, M. and Ogbu, J. (1991). Minority status and schooling : a comparative study of immigrant and involuntary minorities. New York : Garland.
Giroux, H. (1981). Ideology, culture and the process of schooling. Philadelphia. PA: Temple University.
Giroux, H. (1988). Teachers as intellectuals: Toward a critical pedagogy of learning. South Hadley, MA: Bergin & Garvey.
Goto, S. T. (1997). Nerds, normal people, and homeboys: Accommodation and resistance among Chinese American students. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 28(1), 70-84.
He, M. F., Phillion, J., Chan, E., & Xu, S. J. (in press). Immigrant students’ experience of curriculum (Chapter 12). In F. M. Connelly, M. F. He, & J. Phillion (Eds.), Handbook of curriculum and instruction. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hernandez, D. J. (2004). Children and youth in immigrant families: Demographic, social, and educational issues. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 404-419). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Hertzberg, M. (1998). Having arrived: Dimensions of educational success in a transitional newcomer school. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 29(4), 391-418.
Igoa, C. (1995). The inner world of the immigrant child. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Irvine, J. J., York, D. E. (1995). Learning styles and culturally diverse students: A literature review. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 484-497). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Kim, U., & Chun, M. J. B. (1994). The educational ‘success’ of Asian Americans: An indigenous perspective. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 15, 329-339.
Kouritzin, S. G. (1999). Face(t)s of first language loss. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Lee, O. (1997). Diversity and equity for Asian American students in science education. Science Education, 81(1), 107-122.
Lee, S. J. & Zhou, M. (Eds.). (2004). Asian American youth: Culture, identity and ethnicity. New York: Routledge.
Lee, S. J. (1994). Behind the model-minority stereotype: Voices of high and low-achieving Asian American students. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 25(4), 413-429.
Lee, S. J. (1996). Unraveling the “model minority” stereotype: Listening to Asian American youth. New York: Teachers College Press.
Lee, S. J. (2001). More than “model minority” or “delinquents”: A look at Hmong American high school students. Harvard Educational Review, 71, 505-528.
Levinson, B. A. (1998). Student culture and the contradictions of equality at a Mexican secondary school. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 29(3), 267-296.
Lew, J. (2004). The ‘other’ story of model minorities: Korean American high school dropouts in an urban context. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 35(3), 303-323.
Nakanishi, D. T. (1995). Growth and diversity: The education of Asian-Pacific Americans. In D. T. Nakanishi and T. Y. Nishida (Eds.), The Asian American educational experience: A source book for teachers and students. New York: Routledge.
Nieto, S. (1995). A history of the education of Puerto Rican students in U.S. Mainland schools. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 388-411). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Ogbu, J. U. (1978). Minority education and caste: The American system in cross-cultural perspective. New York: Academic Press.
Ogbu, J. U. (1995). Understanding cultural diversity and learning. In J. A. Banks & C. A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp.582-593). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Olneck, M. R. (2004). Immigrants and education in the United States. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 381-403). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Olsen, L. (1997). Made in America: Immigrant students in our public schools. New York: The New Press.
Ovando, C. J., & McLaren, P. (2000). The politics of multiculturalism and bilingual education: Students and teachers caught in the crossfire. Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Pang, V. O. (1995). Asian Pacific American students: A diverse and complex population. In J.A. Banks & C.A. McGee Banks (Eds.), Handbook of research on multicultural education (pp. 412-426). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Park, C. C, Goodwin, A. L., & Lee, S. J. (Eds.). (2001). Research on the education of Asian and Pacific Americans. Greenwich, CN: Information Age.
Park, C. C, Goodwin, A. L., & Lee, S. J. (Eds.). (2003). Asian American identities, families, and schooling. Greenwich, CN: Information Age.
Phillion, J., He, M. F., & Connelly, F. M. (Eds.). (2005). Narrative and experience in multicultural education.?Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Phuntsog, N. (2000). Immigrant Tibetan children in US schools: An invisible minority group. Multicultural Perspectives, 2(4), 17-21.
Pipher, M. (2002). The middle of everywhere: The world’s refugees come to our town. New York: Harcourt.
Quiroz, P. A. (2001). The silencing of Latino student ‘voice’: Puerto Rican and Mexican narratives in eighth grade and high school. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 32(3), 326-349.
Rolon-Dow, R. (2004). Seduced by images: Identity and schooling in the lives of Puerto Rican girls. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 35(1), 8-29.
Ruiz-de-Velasco, J., Fix, M., & Clewell, B. C. (2000). Overlooked and underserved: Immigrant students in U. S. secondary schools. Washington, D. C.: The Urban Institute Press.
Siu, S. F. (1996). Asian American students at risk: A literature review. Baltimore: Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed at Risk, Johns Hopkins University.
Smith-Hefner, N. (1990). Language and identity in the education of Boston-area Khmer. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 21(3), 250-268.
Smith-Hefner, N. (1993). Education, gender, and generational conflict among Khmer refugees. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 35(1), 8-29.
Soto, L. D. (1997). Language, culture, and power: Bilingual families and the struggle for quality education. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Suárez-Orozco, C., & Suárez-Orozco, M. M. (2001). Children of immigration. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Tapia, J. (1998). The schooling of Puerto Ricans: Philadelphia’s most impoverished community. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 29(3), 250-268.
Trueba, H. T., Guthrie, G. P., & Au, K. H. P. (1981). Culture and the bilingual classroom: Studies in classroom ethnography. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.
Trueba, H. T. (1988). Commentary: Culturally based explanations of minority students’ academic achievement. Anthropology and Education Quarterly, 19(2), 270-287.
UNESCO. (2003). Education in a multilingual world. France: UNESCO Publishing.
Valdés, G. (1996). Con respeto: Bridging the distances between culturally diverse families and schools. An ethnographic portrait. New York: Teachers College Press.
Valdés, G. (2001). Learning and not learning English: Latino students in American schools. New York: Teachers College Press.
Valenzuela, A. (1999). Subtractive schooling: U.S.-Mexican youth and the politics of caring. New York: State University of New York Press.
Vasquez, O. A., Pease-Alvarez, L., & Shannon, S. M. (1994). Pushing boundaries: Language and culture in a Mexicano community. New York: The Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
Villenas, S. A. (2005). Between the telling and the told: Latina mothers negotiating education in new borderlands. In J. Phillion, M. F. He, & F. M. Connelly (Eds.), Narrative and experience in multicultural education (pp. 71-91).?Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Willis, A. I., García, G. E., Barrera, R., & Harris, V. J. (Eds.). (2003). Multicultural issues in literacy research and practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Wong-Fillmore, L. (1991a). When learning a second language means losing the first. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 6, 323-346.
Wong-Fillmore, L. (1991b). Language and cultural issues in the early education of language minority children. In S.L. Kagan (Ed.), The care and education of America’s young children: Obstacles and opportunities. The 90th Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (pp.30-50). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
Wong-Fillmore, L., & Meyer, L. M. (1992). The curriculum and linguistic minorities. In Jackson, P. W. (Ed.). (1992). Handbook of research on curriculum: A project of American Educational Research Association (pp. 626-658). New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan.
Yeh, T. L. (2002). Asian American college students who are educationally at risk. New Directions for Student Services, 97, 61-71.
Zanger, V.V. (1994). ‘Not joined in’: Intergroup relations and access to English literacy for Hispanic youth. In B. M Ferdman, R-M. Weber, & A Ramirez (Eds.), Literacy across languages and cultures (pp.171-198). Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Zhou, M., & Bankston III, C. L. (1998). Growing up American: How Vietnamese children adapt to life in the United States. New York: The Russell Sage Foundation.
Zhou, M., & Gatewood, J. V. (Ed.). (2000). Contemporary Asian America: A multidisciplinary reader. New York: New York University Press.

Vietnam:

Asian Development Bank (2006). Proposed grant assistance SocialistRepublic of Vietnam: Expansion of learning opportunities for ethnic minority youth. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Asian Development Bank (2002). Report and recommendation of the president to the board of directors on a proposed loan to the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam for the upper secondary education development project. Philippines: Asian Development Bank.
Baulch B., Truong, T.K.C., Haughton, D.& Haughton, J. (2002). Ethnic minority development in Vietnam: A socioeconomic perspective. The World Bank: Development Research Group Macroeconomics and Growth.
Thanh, V.T. & Long, T.Q. (2005). Can Vietnam achieve one of its millennium development goals? An analysis of schooling dropouts of children. William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 776.
World Bank (2002). Localizing MDGs for poverty reduction in Vietnam: Promoting ethnic minority development.
van de Walle, D. & Gunewardena, D. (2001). Sources of ethnic inequality in Vietnam. Journal of Development Economics, 65, pp. 177-207.
Baker R.G. (2007). Educating Ethnic Minorities in Vietnam: Policies and Perspectives. Kappa Delta Pi Record.

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