Page 90 - EdUHK Annual Report 2015-2016

THE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG 香港教育大學
(Expressed in Hong Kong dollars unless otherwise stated)(除另有說明外，所有金額以港幣為單位)
1 Summary of signi cant accounting policies (Continued)
1.8 Financial assets (Continued)
(c) Held-to-maturity nancial assets
Held-to-maturity nancial assets are non-derivative nancial assets with xed or determinable payments and xed maturities that the management has the positive intention and ability to hold to maturity. Held-to-maturity nancial assets are carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
The fair values of quoted nancial assets are based on current bid prices. If the market for a nancial asset is not active (and for unlisted securities), the Group establishes fair value by using valuation techniques. These include the use of recent arm’s length transactions or reference to other instruments that are substantially the same and discounted cash ow analysis.
1.9 Accounts and other receivables
Accounts and other receivables are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less allowance for impairment of doubtful debts. Impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts are recognised when there is objective evidence of impairment and are measured as
the difference between the carrying amount of the nancial asset and the estimated future cash ows, discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate where the effect of discounting is material. Objective evidence of impairment included observable data that comes to the attention of the Group about events that have an impact on the asset’s estimated future cash ows such as signi cant nancial dif culty of the debtor.
Impairment losses for accounts receivable included within accounts and other receivables whose recovery is considered doubtful but not remote are recorded using an allowance account. When the Group is satis ed that recovery is remote, the amount considered irrecoverable is written off against accounts receivable directly and any amounts held in the allowance account relating to that debt are reversed. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously charged to the allowance account are reversed against the allowance account. Other changes in the allowance account and subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off directly are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.
1.10 Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other nancial institutions
and other short-term, highly liquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insigni cant risk of changes in value, having been within three months of maturity at acquisition.
1 主要會計政策概要 (續)
1.8 金融資產 (續)
(丙) 持有至到期日金融資產
持有至到期日金融資產為有固定或可 釐定付款以及固定到期日的非衍生金 融資產，而管理層有明確意向及能力 持有至到期日。持有至到期日金融資 產利用實際利息法按攤銷成本列賬。
有報價投資的公允價值根據當時的買盤價計 算。若某項金融資產的市場並不活躍(及就非上 市證券而言)，本集團利用重估技術設定公允價 值。這 些 技 術 包 括 利 用 近 期 公 平 原 則 交 易，或 參考大致相同的其他工具和貼現現金流量分 析。
1.9 應收賬款及其他應收款
應收賬款及其他應收款先以公允價值確認，其 後利用實際利息法按攤銷成本扣除呆賬撥備計 量。當有客觀證據證明本集團將無法按應收款 的條款收回所有款項時，就應即時為該應收款 設定呆賬撥備。撥備金額為資產賬面金額與以 其初始實際利率(即在初始確認有關資產時計 算的實際利率)折現(如果折現會造成重大的影 響)的預計未來現金流量現值兩者的差額計量。 客觀的減值證據包括能被本集團注意到可影響 資產的預計未來現金流量的事件，例如債務人 出現嚴重的財務困難。
已計入應收賬款及其他應收款的減值虧損(該 應收賬款的可收回性被視為可疑，但並非完全 沒有可能收回)會採用備付賬來記錄。當本集團 認為收回的可能性極低時，被視為不可收回的 金額便會直接沖銷應收款，與該債務有關而在 備付賬內記錄的相關數額也會轉回。其後收回 早前計入備付賬的數額會在備付賬轉回。備付 賬的其他變動和其後收回早前直接沖銷的數額 均在全面收益表內確認。
1.10 現金及現金等價物
現金及現金等價物包括手頭現金、存放於銀行 及其他金融機構的活期存款，以及短期和高流 動性的投資。這些投資在沒有涉及重大價值變 動的風險下可以隨時轉算為已知數額的現金， 並在購入後三個月內到期。
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The Education University of Hong Kong Annual Report 2015-2016