Perceptions of in-service teachers toward teaching STEM in Thailand

Appendix A

STEM integration perspectives modified from Bybee (2013).

No.
Description

STEM Integrated Model

1

Single-discipline reference: STEM is
Science or Math teaching approach.

2

Science incorporated with Technology, Engineering, and/or Math: STEM is a teaching approach that Science is a core concept and others are minor components.

3

Science and Math are connected by Technology and/or Engineering: STEM is Science and Math teaching approach that connected by concepts of Technology and Engineering.

4

Quartet of separate discipline: STEM is teaching of Science Technology Engineering and Math separately and independently.

5

Science incorporated with Technology, Engineering, and/or Math: STEM is a teaching approach that Science is a core concept and others are minor components.

6

Combining two or three Disciplines:
STEM is teaching approach that integrated a least two disciplines among Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math.

7

Coordination across disciplines: STEM is teaching of Science Technology Engineering and Math separately with loose connection.

8

Complementary overlapping across disciplines: STEM is teaching approach that teaches Science Technology Engineering and Math together by referring to specific theme.

9

Transdisciplinary course or program:
STEM is integrated teaching approach that mixed up all STEM disciplines homogeneously.

No.	Description	STEM Integrated Model
1	Single-discipline reference: STEM is Science or Math teaching approach.
2	Science incorporated with Technology, Engineering, and/or Math: STEM is a teaching approach that Science is a core concept and others are minor components.
3	Science and Math are connected by Technology and/or Engineering: STEM is Science and Math teaching approach that connected by concepts of Technology and Engineering.
4	Quartet of separate discipline: STEM is teaching of Science Technology Engineering and Math separately and independently.
5	Science incorporated with Technology, Engineering, and/or Math: STEM is a teaching approach that Science is a core concept and others are minor components.
6	Combining two or three Disciplines: STEM is teaching approach that integrated a least two disciplines among Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math.
7	Coordination across disciplines: STEM is teaching of Science Technology Engineering and Math separately with loose connection.
8	Complementary overlapping across disciplines: STEM is teaching approach that teaches Science Technology Engineering and Math together by referring to specific theme.
9	Transdisciplinary course or program: STEM is integrated teaching approach that mixed up all STEM disciplines homogeneously.