Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, Volume 17, Issue 2, Article 8 (Dec., 2016) Nadi SUPRAPTO What should educational reform in Indonesia look like? - Learning from the PISA science scores of East-Asian countries and Singapore Previous Contents Next

Methodology

This study was undertaken as a systematic literature review based on the rationale of Indonesian education reform and some evidence from large-scale assessment. The review processes comprise three phases: planning, paraphrasing and reporting (Suprapto & Pai, 2015). During the planning phase, a logical-review protocol was developed and the method by which researchers should work and interact to conduct the review was decided. This protocol defines the procedure for choosing the suitable resources (paper, books, etc.) and includes the main problem, data collection and methods of analysis. The second phase focused on creating arguments and best practices based on the planning process. Finally, the purpose of the last phase was to elaborate the final report. The main purpose of our work is to reveal what lessons can be learned by Indonesia from other countries regarding the PISA results, particularly in science.