The effect of analogy-based teaching on students' achievement and students' views about analogies

In this research, one of the experimental designs which provide quantitative data about the problem called “Solomon Four Group Design” was implemented. The Solomon four-group design is an attempt to eliminate the possible effect of a pretest. It involves random assignment of subjects to four groups, with two of the groups being pretested and two not. One of the pretested groups and one of the unpretested groups is exposed to the experimental treatment. All four groups are then posttested (Fraenkel, Wallen and Hyun, 2012; Karasar, 2012). A diagram of this design is as follows:

Table 1. Solomon Four Group Design

Groups	Pretest	Treatment	Posttest
Treatment group	T1	Analogy-Based teaching	T1, AOS
Control group	T1	Conventional training approach	T1
Treatment group		Analogy-Based teaching	T1, AOS
Control group		Conventional training approach	T1

“Parts of cell” and “organelles” contents were taught to the students according to the analogy-based teaching. The experimental groups were asked to make an analogy. The students compared the cell to their schools. Then, the students which were at the experimental group completed the Analogy Opinion Scale (AOS) and achievement test.